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- <text id=91TT2260>
- <title>
- Oct. 14, 1991: The Rebirth of St. Petersburg
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Oct. 14, 1991 Jodie Foster:A Director Is Born
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 40
- SOVIET UNION
- The Rebirth of St. Petersburg
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Peter the Great's erstwhile capital is hoping once again to
- be Russia's window to the West
- </p>
- <p>By James Carney/St. Petersburg
- </p>
- <p> On a warm fall evening, pedestrians jam the wide
- sidewalks of the city's main avenue, Nevsky Prospekt. They
- bustle by a young couple absorbed in a passionate kiss, and
- glance, if only briefly, at a marquee announcing a new American
- B movie. But at a wall plastered with advertisements and
- political manifestos, a few stop to listen as members of a small
- crowd argue the merits of removing Vladimir Lenin, founder of
- the Soviet state, from his mausoleum in Moscow's Red Square and
- burying him in a local cemetery. WE MUST SAVE OUR BELOVED CITY
- FROM THE CORPSE OF LENIN, reads a sign posted on the wall,
- accompanied by a sketch of Lenin with horns sprouting from his
- head. THE CORPSE OF LENIN IS THE CORPSE OF SATAN.
- </p>
- <p> The metropolis that is famed as the cradle of the 1917
- Bolshevik Revolution is throwing off its communist legacy with
- a vengeance. Known for 67 years as Leningrad, Russia's second
- largest city last week officially became historic St. Petersburg
- again. The name change is largely symbolic. Statues of Lenin
- still loom over city parks and cast long shadows in front of
- train stations. The city council, mindful of budget constraints,
- has decided not to spend any money on new road signs or
- stationery. But the rechristening reflects a deeper
- transformation that optimists say has affected many of the
- city's 5 million residents. "On the surface, nothing has changed
- in the way we live," explains Sergei Fyodorov, a taxi driver.
- "But the people in this city have changed. The change is in our
- souls. We feel free at last."
- </p>
- <p> Led by Mayor Anatoly Sobchak, a hero of the resistance to
- August's aborted hard-line coup, reformers in the city are
- trying to pull St. Petersburg out of Moscow's shadow and
- transform it into a gateway to the West. Some even suggest
- returning the political capital to St. Petersburg, though
- Sobchak says his task is "to revive St. Petersburg as the
- financial, cultural and scientific capital of Russia." For a
- precedent, Sobchak turns to the city's founder, Peter the Great,
- the Czar who set out to westernize the backward Russian Empire.
- "For 10 years Peter the Great tried to carry out reforms in
- Moscow, but nothing came of it," Sobchak says. "Then he moved
- to the banks of the Neva River, founded a capital here and
- achieved his reforms. And so now we have the chance to repeat
- Peter the Great's experiment."
- </p>
- <p> Peter's efforts date back to 1703, when he began building
- his city from the miasmic swamps of the Neva River. He wanted
- to open "a window on Europe," a point of entry for the flow of
- Western ideas into his isolated empire. The reformist Czar
- hired Italian architects to design a modern European capital
- with intersecting avenues lined by stately homes and grand
- palaces.
- </p>
- <p> But St. Petersburg's architectural charm and rich history
- will do little to diminish the formidable obstacles confronting
- Sobchak as he tries to reform the city's economy. His advisers
- are working on plans to create a "free economic zone" around the
- city by Jan. 1, in the hope that lower taxes and fewer customs
- barriers will encourage foreign banks and companies to invest.
- So far, Moscow is going along with the idea. But even Anatoly
- Chubais, Sobchak's chief economic adviser, admits that the free
- economic zone is "a risky policy" prone to failure if Russia's
- economy as a whole does not improve. "Even if we wanted to
- create capitalism in just one Russian city, it wouldn't be
- possible," says Chubais. "We have the same ruble and the same
- financial system."
- </p>
- <p> St. Petersburg will also be a testing ground for the
- conversion of Soviet factories from military to civilian
- production, since 70% of the city's industries work on military
- orders. Though some critics accuse the mayor of cozying up to
- the military-industrial complex, Chubais argues that the
- abundance of enterprises producing high-tech equipment such as
- satellites and communications systems gives the city an edge in
- attracting foreign capital. But Western firms may be reluctant
- to make investments in a republic as unstable as Russia. If so,
- Sobchak's St. Petersburg could be rocked by massive unemployment
- as Moscow trims orders for military hardware.
- </p>
- <p> A persuasive speaker who counts John F. Kennedy and
- Charles de Gaulle among his role models, Sobchak, 53, is one of
- the most influential politicians in Russia, behind only Soviet
- President Mikhail Gorbachev and Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
- Yet conservative and liberal opponents alike accuse him of
- resorting to authoritarianism in running the affairs of St.
- Petersburg. "God never gave Anatoly Sobchak the talent to work
- with other people," wrote one critic. Sobchak, a former law
- professor, dismisses the accusations as the grumblings of
- "incompetents" on the unwieldy, 382-member city council. Thanks
- to his national status, Sobchak says, he is "much more
- successful in solving the problems of the city than any of my
- would-be successors."
- </p>
- <p> If all goes well with Sobchak's economic reform plans,
- Chubais predicts a rise in the standard of living in the city
- by the end of 1992. The question is whether St. Petersburg
- residents will have the patience to wait that long. Leonid
- Keselman, a sociologist who specializes in public opinion
- surveys, believes they will. "The people of this city have
- suffered for a long time without hope," he says. "Now they have
- something real to hope for." If Keselman is right, it may be
- only a matter of time before Peter the Great's old capital
- reclaims its place among the great cities of Europe.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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